The Application of Metabolic Pathways on Biotechnology
Technology Timeline
1897:
Scientists: Otto Meyerhof, Gustav Embden, and Jakub Karol Parnas discovered the very first in a series of metabolic pathways that were to come - Glycolysis.
1932:
1961:
Scientist Hans Adolf Krebs not only discovered the Urea Cycle, but the Kreb's Cycle as well - it is commonly referred to as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Scientist Peter Dennis Mitchell is famous for being the individual who discovered the Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway, allowing scientists to learn more about how the Mitochondria gains energy.
1983:
Polymerase Chain Reaction is invented by Kary B. Mullis. PCR allowed scientists to make millions of copies from a very scare piece of DNA. This mechanism allowed for Metabolic Pathways to be found with relative ease in comparison to before.
1990:
Watch the video above to see how PCR works!
BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) Algorithms used to compare protein sequences within the human genome.
1992:
The first algorithms that predicted the biochemical pathways in the human species.
2000:
Large-scale online metabolic pathway databases were created.
2006:
The first drug ever to be created by a synthetic pathway - artemisinin.
2010:
A large quanity of genome-scale metabolic models built.
[Image Citation] Peter Dennis Mitchell.
[Image Citation] Biochemical Pathway Map.
[Image Citation] Genome-scale Metabolic Model.
[Image Citation] Databases.